Search results for "management economics"
showing 10 items of 23 documents
About the criteria of output coincidence for forecasts to determine the orientation of the economy (application for France, 1980-1997)
2000
This note indicates that the method of output coincidence for forecasts used to determine if sectors are demand-driven or supply-driven in an input-output framework mixes two effects, the structural effect (choosing between demand and supply driven models) and the effect of an exogenous factor (final demand or added-value). The note recalls that another method is possible, the comparison of the stability of technical and allocation coefficients, generalized by the biproportional filter: if for a sector, after biproportional filtering, column coefficients are more stable than row coefficients, then this sector is declared as not supply-driven (but one cannot decide that it is demand-driven a…
Space-time analysis of GDP disparities among European regions : a Markov chains approach
2004
The purpose of this paper is to study the evolution of the disparities between 138 European regions over the 1980-1995 period. We characterize the regional per capita GDP cross-sectional distribution by means of nonparametric estimations of density functions and we model the growth process as a first-order stationary Markov chain. Spatial effects are then introduced within the Markov chain framework using regional conditioning (Quah, 1996b) and spatial Markov chains (Rey, 2001). The results of the analysis indicate the persistence of regional disparities, a progressive bias toward a poverty trap and the importance of geography to explain the convergence process.
Exploratory spatial data analysis of the distribution of regional per capita GDP in Europe, 1980-1995
2000
The aim of this paper is to study the dynamics of European regional per capita product over time and space. This purpose is achieved by using the recently developed methods of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis. Using a sample of European regions over the 1980-1995 period, we find strong evidence of global and local spatial autocorrelation in per capita GDP throughout the period. The detection of clusters of high and low per capita products during the period is an indication of the persistence of spatial disparities between European regions. This analysis is finally refined by the investigation of the spatial pattern of regional growth. Key words:exploratory spatial data analysis; distributi…
Econométrie spatiale (2, Hétérogénéité spatiale)
2000
Spatial econometric methods aim at taking into account the two special characteristics of spatial data: spatial autocorrelation, which is the lack of independence between geographical observations, and spatial heterogeneity, which is related to the differentiation of variables and behaviors in space. These techniques have been mostly developed the last ten years and are more often applied in empirical studies with geographical data. The aim of this article is to present the way spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity can be incorporated in regression relationships and to present the estimation and inference procedures adapted to the models incorporating these two effects. This art…
Marginalist analysis of Ricardian division and reasoning
1992
Pour mener à bien l' étude nous organiserons notre travail autour des trois thèmes suivants:I. La rente ricardienne et la répartition.II. La rente est-elle compatible avec l'hypothèse de la concurrence pure et l'équilibre général?III. On ne peut pas établir une analogie entre la théorie marginaliste de la répartition et la rente ricardienne
Geographic spillover and growth (a spatial econometric analysis for european regions)
2000
The aim o f this paper is to integrate the geographical dimension o f data in the estimation o f the convergence o f European regions and emphasize the importance o f spatial effects in regional economic growth phenomena. In a sample o f 122 European regions over the 1980-1995 period, we find strong evidence o f spatial autocorrelation in the unconditional /^-convergence model using spatial econometric methods with different weight matrices: a simple contiguity matrix and 4 distance-based matrices. Therefore, this standard beta-convergence model exhibit misspecification, its estimation by OLS leads to inefficient estimators and invalid statistical inference. We suggest then a “minimal” spec…
Une analyse économique de l'exploitation et de la production de la notoriété médiatique (le cas du cinéma hollywoodien)
2000
In the motion pictures industry, the producers are faced to face with a great uncertainty relating to the financial success of films. In order to maximize probabilities of returns, one of the strategies at their’s disposal consists in exploiting the great box office power that stars are supposed to possess. We call star system traditionally this exploitation of stars’ box office power. In our opinion, a more accurate definition of star system can be stated : insofar as the stars’ box office power originates from artistic notoriety and/or popularity, the star system can also be defined as the exploitation of stars’ artistic notoriety and/or stars’popularity. Our aim consists in providing her…
Convergence of European regions (an approach by spatial econometrics)
2000
The aim of this paper is the analysis of spatial dependence in convergence processes applied to European regions. First, we apply the recently developed exploratory spatial data analysis (Anselin, 1996) in order to describe more precisely the geographical dynamics of European regional income growth patterns. New insights are brought to the usual cr-convergence measure, which hides geographical patterns that may fluctuate over time. Second, we test the presence of spatial autocorrelation in /^-convergence models by using spatial econometrics methods (Anselin, 1988 ; Anselin and Florax, 1995). We compare the results with and without spatial autocorrelation in order to assess the effect of geo…
The maximisation of the rate of financial profit
1991
On the traditional micro-economic theory, firms are supposed to maximise pure profit. We study what happened when we take into consideration shareholders and the financial profit remunerating the financial capital. We show that it is necessary to surrender the financial profit maximisation to use the rate of financial profit maximisation. The cases of concurrence with fix coefficient of capital, monopoly with fix coefficient of capital, monopoly with variable coefficient of capital are studied, and the role of contraints of rentability are treated. The solutions given by the profit maximisation and by the rate of profitmaximisation are compared. We conclude to a reduction of the volume of i…
Models and mecanisms in economics : attempt to clarify their relationships
2000
The article is an attempt to clarify the relationship between economic models and mechanisms. The latter refer to causal processes and interactions. What role do they play in models? One must distinguish between models as non-linguistic constructs and models in the more usual sense of formal systems of definitions and mathematical relations. Models in the second sense are interpreted as purporting to characterise or describe in part models in the first sense. Thus the fact that there is no explicit reference to process-based mechanisms in many formal models does not mean that these mechanisms do not play an essential role in the non-linguistic models that these formal models describe in an …